In 2023, the EU’s gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant was 38,100 in purchasing power standards (PPS), up from 36,000 PPS in 2022.
The Irish regions of Dublin (139,500 PPS) and South-West (137,300 PPS) recorded the highest GDP per inhabitant levels among the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS 3) regions in the EU, ahead of Wolfsburg, Kreisfreie Stadt in Germany (136,500 PPS), where only 2022 data are available, and Paris in France (126,900 PPS).
Meanwhile, the French outermost region of Mayotte recorded the lowest GDP per inhabitant, at 10,500 PPS, followed by Haskovo (11,000 PPS) and Silistra (11,100 PPS) in Bulgaria.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/20614207/gdp-per-inhabitant.html/5cf392ab-02fe-d5f5-b52a-93c527f8f1a8?t=1760446492578
Source dataset: nama_10r_3gdp
Most of the regions with the lowest levels of GDP per inhabitant were located in Bulgaria and Romania, alongside one region in Hungary, where economic activity fell below 15 000 PPS per inhabitant.
Would you like to know more about economy statistics at the regional level?
You can read more about economy statistics in the Eurostat regional yearbook – 2025 edition, also available as a set of Statistics Explained articles as well as in the economy section of the interactive publication Regions in Europe.
For more information
- Regions in Europe – 2025 edition
- Thematic section on purchasing power parities
- Database on purchasing power parities
- Thematic section on regional accounts
- Database on national and regional accounts
- Thematic section on regions and cities
- My region – interactive data visualisation
- Statistical Atlas
- Statistics 4 beginners: Comparing GDP: growth rate and per capita
Methodological notes
- The 2023 data at NUTS 3 level for Germany, Greece, Spain, Italy, Austria and Poland are not available in the 2025 publication due to voluntary nature of data transmission.
- In order to compensate for price level differences between countries, GDP can be converted using conversion factors known as purchasing power parities (PPPs). The use of PPPs, rather than market exchange rates, results in data being denominated in an artificial common currency unit called a purchasing power standard (PPS). In contrast to euro-based series, a series denominated in PPS tends to have a levelling effect, as countries and regions with very high GDP per inhabitant in euro terms also tend to have relatively high price levels. For example, the cost of living in Luxembourg is generally much higher than the cost of living in Bulgaria.
